现在分词的基本形式是动词加 -ing，例如 developing、increasing、affecting。它表示主动含义或进行含义，常修饰名词，说明某个动作正在发生，或表示主句动作发生时的伴随、原因、结果、条件等关系。需要注意的是，现在分词本身不是完整谓语，不能直接替代谓语动词。若要表达完整时态，通常需要与助动词 be 搭配，例如 is increasing、were discussing。
The number of students choosing online courses is increasing rapidly.
选择在线课程的学生人数正在迅速增加。
Using renewable energy, many cities have reduced their carbon emissions.
通过使用可再生能源，许多城市已经减少了碳排放。
The report highlights several factors contributing to economic inequality.
❌ Students study abroad can gain international experience.
Correct
✅ Students studying abroad can gain international experience.
当动词短语修饰名词 students 时，应使用现在分词 studying，表示“正在国外学习的学生”。原句中 study abroad 不能直接放在名词后作定语。
Incorrect
❌ The government is consider increasing taxes.
Correct
✅ The government is considering increasing taxes.
进行时态中 be 后面的动词必须使用现在分词形式。consider 应改为 considering。第二个 increasing 是动名词，作 consider 的宾语。
学术表达
Academic Patterns
Noun + present participle phrase
名词 + 现在分词短语，用于替代主动意义的定语从句，例如 factors affecting public health 表示“影响公共健康的因素”。
Present participle phrase, main clause
现在分词短语位于句首，表示原因、条件或背景，例如 Facing limited resources, governments must prioritize essential services。
Main clause, present participle phrase
主句后接现在分词短语，表示结果、伴随动作或目的，例如 The policy reduced traffic congestion, improving air quality。
by + present participle
通过做某事，用于说明方法或手段，例如 by investing in education 表示“通过投资教育”。
be + present participle
be 动词 + 现在分词，构成进行时态，例如 is becoming、are developing、was increasing。
keep / leave / find + object + present participle
动词 + 宾语 + 现在分词，用于描述宾语持续进行的动作或状态，例如 keep students working independently。
there be + noun + present participle phrase
there be 结构后接名词和现在分词短语，用于引入存在的现象，例如 There are several factors contributing to this trend。
PTE 高频应用
PTE Usage
现在分词在 PTE Academic 中非常常见，尤其出现在 Read Aloud、Summarize Written Text、Write Essay、Reading & Writing: Fill in the Blanks 和 Listening: Fill in the Blanks 中。考生需要识别 -ing 形式到底是现在分词、动名词，还是进行时态的一部分。在写作中，正确使用现在分词短语可以提高句式复杂度，但如果逻辑主语不清，会影响 grammar 和 written discourse 评分。
Read Aloud：现在分词短语常出现在长主语或后置定语中，朗读时应注意意群划分。
Repeat Sentence：含有 -ing 结构的句子容易因听辨不清而漏掉 be 动词或宾语。
Summarize Written Text：可用现在分词压缩信息，例如 replacing a relative clause with a participle phrase。
用现在分词短语合并句子：The policy reduced waste. It encouraged people to recycle more.
答案：The policy reduced waste, encouraging people to recycle more. 解释：encouraging people to recycle more 表示伴随结果。
填空：There are several factors ________ to the rise in urban unemployment. (contribute)
答案：contributing。完整句：There are several factors contributing to the rise in urban unemployment. 解释：factors 与 contribute 是主动关系，用现在分词作后置定语。
改正句子：The government is increase spending on public transport.
答案：The government is increasing spending on public transport. 解释：进行时态结构为 be + present participle。
翻译成英文：面对人口老龄化，许多国家正在改革医疗体系。
答案：Facing an ageing population, many countries are reforming their healthcare systems. 解释：Facing an ageing population 作原因或背景状语，主句使用 are reforming 表示正在进行的政策变化。
