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从句
Clauses
中高级
名词性从句
Noun Clauses
名词性从句（Noun Clauses）是在句中充当名词功能的从句，可作主语、宾语、表语或同位语。常见引导词包括 that, whether, if, what, who, whom, whose, which, when, where, why, how 等。对 PTE Academic 和 IELTS 考生而言，名词性从句非常重要，因为它能帮助考生在口语和写作中表达观点、解释原因、概括研究发现、转述信息以及构建复杂句。掌握名词性从句的关键是：使用陈述语序、判断从句在主句中的语法功能、区分 that 与 what、正确使用 whether 和 if，并避免中式英语中的重复主语或错误疑问语序。
开始学习
AI 练习模式
核心语法结构
Grammar Formula
Main clause + noun clause / Noun clause + main verb / Subject + linking verb + noun clause
PTE 高频程度
高频
AI 学习推荐
Core Grammar
适用考试
PTE / IELTS
语法结构
Grammar Structure
结构公式
Main clause + noun clause / Noun clause + main verb / Subject + linking verb + noun clause
名词性从句本质上相当于一个名词短语，但它包含主语和谓语。它可以出现在名词能出现的位置。例如，作宾语时常跟在 think, believe, argue, suggest, show, explain 等动词后；作主语时可放在句首，也常用形式主语 it 来避免句子头重脚轻；作表语时常跟在 be, seem, remain 等系动词后；作同位语时用来解释 idea, fact, claim, evidence, possibility 等抽象名词。需要特别注意，名词性从句内部通常使用陈述语序，而不是疑问语序。
Many researchers believe that regular exercise improves cognitive performance.
许多研究人员认为，规律运动能提高认知表现。
What the data reveal is highly relevant to public health policy.
数据所揭示的内容与公共卫生政策高度相关。
The main concern is whether young people can access reliable information online.
主要担忧是年轻人是否能够在网上获取可靠信息。
使用场景
Usage Scenarios
作宾语：表达观点、看法和研究发现
名词性从句最常见的用法是作动词宾语，尤其适用于议论文、学术写作和 PTE Summarize Written Text。常见动词包括 believe, argue, suggest, indicate, demonstrate, assume, claim, acknowledge 等。that 从句常用于引出完整观点，而 wh- 从句则用于引出具体信息。
The report indicates that air pollution has become a major threat to urban residents.
该报告表明，空气污染已经成为城市居民面临的主要威胁。
Experts have not yet determined why the species is disappearing so rapidly.
专家尚未确定该物种为何如此迅速地消失。
作主语：突出信息或观点
名词性从句可以位于句首作主语，常用于强调一个事实、问题或现象。在学术英语中，为了句子更自然，较长的主语从句常改写为 It is + adjective/noun + that/whether... 的结构。
Whether governments should fund space exploration remains controversial.
政府是否应该资助太空探索仍然具有争议。
It is evident that technology has transformed the way people communicate.
显而易见，科技已经改变了人们交流的方式。
作表语：解释主语内容
名词性从句作表语时通常出现在 be 动词或其他 linking verbs 后，用来说明主语的具体含义。这种结构常见于 IELTS Writing Task 2 的中心句以及 PTE Essay 的论点展开。
The key issue is whether economic growth can be achieved without environmental damage.
关键问题是经济增长是否能在不破坏环境的情况下实现。
The reason is that many students lack effective time-management skills.
原因是许多学生缺乏有效的时间管理技能。
作同位语：解释抽象名词
同位语从句常用于解释某个抽象名词的具体内容，例如 fact, idea, belief, assumption, evidence, argument, possibility, concern 等。它是学术写作中提高准确性和逻辑性的高频结构。
There is strong evidence that early childhood education contributes to long-term academic success.
有强有力的证据表明，早期儿童教育有助于长期学业成功。
The idea that everyone should have equal access to healthcare is widely supported.
人人都应平等获得医疗服务这一观点得到了广泛支持。
常见错误
Common Mistakes
Incorrect
❌ I don't know what is the problem.
Correct
✅ I don't know what the problem is.
名词性从句内部要使用陈述语序，而不是疑问语序。中文学习者常受“问题是什么”的中文顺序影响，把 be 动词提前。正确结构是 what + subject + verb。
Incorrect
❌ That he said is important.
Correct
✅ What he said is important.
that 只起连接作用，不在从句中充当成分；what 相当于 the thing that，在从句中可作主语、宾语或表语。这里从句缺少宾语，因此必须用 what。
Incorrect
❌ I am agree that online learning is useful.
Correct
✅ I agree that online learning is useful.
agree 是实义动词，不能写成 am agree。后面可接 that 从句表达同意的内容。
Incorrect
❌ The reason is because many people prefer convenience.
Correct
✅ The reason is that many people prefer convenience.
The reason is... 后面正式英语中通常用 that 引导表语从句，不推荐使用 because。because 可用于原因状语从句，例如 Many people choose online shopping because it is convenient。
Incorrect
❌ I wonder that whether this policy will work.
Correct
✅ I wonder whether this policy will work.
whether 本身可以引导宾语从句，不需要再加 that。中文学习者有时会把多个连接词叠加，这是不符合英语语法的。
Incorrect
❌ He asked me where did I live.
Correct
✅ He asked me where I lived.
间接疑问句属于名词性从句，必须使用陈述语序。同时，如果主句是过去时，从句通常需要进行时态回移。
Incorrect
❌ It depends on if the government provides enough funding.
Correct
✅ It depends on whether the government provides enough funding.
介词后通常用 whether，不用 if。depend on, discuss, argue about, be concerned about 等结构后接“是否”时，应优先使用 whether。
学术表达
Academic Patterns
It is widely believed that + clause.
人们普遍认为……
It is essential that + subject + base verb.
……是至关重要的。
The evidence suggests that + clause.
证据表明……
A key question is whether + clause.
一个关键问题是是否……
What is particularly important is that + clause.
尤其重要的是……
The argument that + clause + is persuasive/problematic.
……这一论点具有说服力/存在问题。
There is growing concern that + clause.
人们越来越担心……
Researchers have found that + clause.
研究人员发现……
The issue is not whether + clause, but how + clause.
问题不在于是否……，而在于如何……
This raises the question of whether + clause.
这引出了一个问题，即是否……
PTE 高频应用
PTE Usage
名词性从句在 PTE Academic 中非常常见，尤其出现在 Summarize Written Text, Write Essay, Retell Lecture, Summarize Spoken Text 和 Read Aloud 中。考生需要用它准确转述信息、整合原因结果、表达研究结论，并避免简单句堆砌。在写作中，that 从句可用于概括作者观点，whether 从句可用于讨论争议问题，what 从句可用于突出核心内容。在口语中，使用清晰的名词性从句能提升 grammatical range and accuracy，但必须注意语序稳定，避免因追求复杂句而产生结构错误。
Summarize Written Text
Write Essay
Summarize Spoken Text
Retell Lecture
Read Aloud
Repeat Sentence
Listening Fill in the Blanks
Reading and Writing Fill in the Blanks
高频搭配
Common Collocations
believe that
认为……
argue that
主张/论证……
suggest that
表明/建议……
indicate that
显示……
demonstrate that
证明……
be aware that
意识到……
be concerned that
担心……
the fact that
……这一事实
the possibility that
……的可能性
whether or not
是否
depend on whether
取决于是否……
explain why
解释为什么……
AI 学习建议
AI Learning Tips
写作中如果句子开头的主语从句过长，可使用 It is clear that, It is likely that, It remains uncertain whether 等结构，使句子更符合学术英语习惯。
遇到 wh- 引导的名词性从句时，先检查从句内部是否为陈述语序，例如 what the author means, why this trend occurs, how the policy affects citizens。
在 PTE Summarize Written Text 中，可以用 The passage suggests that... 或 The author argues that... 快速概括原文核心观点。
区分 that 和 what：that 后面通常是完整句；what 后面的从句往往缺少主语、宾语或表语。
表达“是否”时，正式写作中优先使用 whether，尤其是在句首、介词后、whether or not 结构中。
AI 练习题
Practice Questions
改错：I don't understand why does this problem happen.
答案：I don't understand why this problem happens. 解释：why 引导的是宾语从句，从句内部要使用陈述语序。
选择正确句子：A. What he believes is controversial. B. That he believes is controversial.
答案：A. What he believes is controversial. 解释：从句中 believes 缺少宾语，因此用 what；that 不充当句子成分。
用 that 从句翻译：许多专家认为，人工智能将改变未来的就业市场。
答案：Many experts believe that artificial intelligence will transform the future job market.
用 whether 从句翻译：这个政策是否有效仍然不清楚。
答案：Whether this policy is effective remains unclear. 也可以写作：It remains unclear whether this policy is effective.
合并句子：The study shows something. Regular sleep improves memory.
答案：The study shows that regular sleep improves memory.
改写为形式主语 it：Whether children should use smartphones at school is debatable.
答案：It is debatable whether children should use smartphones at school.
完成句子：The main reason is ______ many commuters prefer public transport.
答案：that。完整句：The main reason is that many commuters prefer public transport.
判断正误并修改：The question is that students should pay university fees.
答案：错误。可改为：The question is whether students should pay university fees. 解释：这里表达“是否应该”，应使用 whether。
