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grammar
past-continuous
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AI 英语语法知识库
时态
Tenses
9
一般现在时
Simple Present Tense
一般将来时
Simple Future Tense
一般过去时
Simple Past Tense
现在完成时
Present Perfect Tense
现在完成进行时
Present Perfect Continuous Tense
过去完成时
Past Perfect Tense
现在进行时
Present Continuous Tense
过去进行时
Past Continuous Tense
将来进行时
Future Continuous Tense
从句
Clauses
7
定语从句
Relative Clauses
名词性从句
Noun Clauses
状语从句
Adverbial Clauses
宾语从句
Object Clauses
主语从句
Subject Clauses
同位语从句
Appositive Clauses
条件状语从句
Conditional Clauses
非谓语动词
Non-finite Verbs
6
动名词
Gerunds
不定式
Infinitives
现在分词
Present Participles
过去分词
Past Participles
非谓语作主语
Non-finite as Subject
非谓语作状语
Non-finite as Adverbial
句子结构
Sentence Structures
4
主谓宾结构
SVO Structure
并列句
Compound Sentences
复合句
Complex Sentences
平行结构
Parallel Structures
学术写作
Academic Writing
5
正式语气
Formal Tone
避免口语化
Avoiding Informal Language
学术句型
Academic Sentence Patterns
段落结构
Paragraph Structure
论证表达
Argumentative Structures
PTE 高频语法
PTE Grammar Patterns
4
Essay 高频句型
Essay Structures
SST 学术句型
SST Academic Structures
WFD 高频结构
WFD Sentence Patterns
Speaking 常用表达
Speaking Structures
时态
Tenses
中级（Intermediate）
过去进行时
Past Continuous Tense
过去进行时表示过去某一具体时间点或时间段内正在发生的动作，结构通常为“was/were + V-ing”。它常用于描述背景动作、被另一过去动作打断的进行中动作、过去临时性活动，以及两个过去动作同时进行的情况。在 PTE Academic 和 IELTS 写作与口语中，过去进行时常用于叙述经历、描述图表背景变化、解释研究过程或说明事件发生时的环境。中国学习者需要特别注意 be 动词的过去式选择、动词 -ing 形式、与一般过去时的区别，以及 when 和 while 引导时间状语从句时的时态搭配。
核心语法结构
Grammar Formula
肯定句：Subject + was/were + V-ing；否定句：Subject + was/were + not + V-ing；疑问句：Was/Were + subject + V-ing?
PTE 高频程度
中高频
AI 学习推荐
Core Grammar
适用考试
PTE / IELTS
语法结构
Grammar Structure
结构公式
肯定句：Subject + was/were + V-ing；否定句：Subject + was/were + not + V-ing；疑问句：Was/Were + subject + V-ing?
过去进行时的核心是“过去某个时间正在进行”。was 用于 I、he、she、it 和单数名词；were 用于 you、we、they 和复数名词。V-ing 表示动作在过去某一时间点尚未完成。它不强调动作是否完成，而强调动作当时正在发生。因此，过去进行时常与 at 8 p.m. yesterday、at that moment、when、while、during that period 等时间表达连用。在学术英语中，过去进行时可以用来描述研究进行中的背景状态，例如某项调查正在收集数据，或某种趋势在某一时期内持续发展。
At 9 p.m. last night, I was reviewing my notes for the PTE speaking test.
昨晚九点，我正在复习 PTE 口语考试笔记。
The researchers were collecting data when the new policy was introduced.
新政策出台时，研究人员正在收集数据。
While the students were completing the questionnaire, the instructor was explaining the next task.
学生们正在填写问卷时，老师正在解释下一项任务。
使用场景
Usage Scenarios
表示过去某一具体时间正在发生的动作
当句子明确指出过去的某个时间点，并强调该时刻动作正在进行时，使用过去进行时。此用法常见于叙事类口语、写作 Task 1 图表描述中的背景说明，以及听力复述中对事件过程的描述。
At this time yesterday, the candidates were waiting outside the examination room.
昨天这个时候，考生们正在考场外等待。
At the beginning of the experiment, the participants were sitting in a quiet room.
实验开始时，参与者正坐在一个安静的房间里。
表示一个过去进行中的动作被另一个动作打断
过去进行时常表示较长、正在发生的背景动作；一般过去时表示较短、突然发生并打断背景动作的事件。通常 when 引导打断性动作，while 引导正在进行的背景动作。
I was taking notes when the lecturer changed the slide.
讲师换幻灯片时，我正在记笔记。
The company was expanding its online services when the economic downturn occurred.
经济衰退发生时，该公司正在扩展其线上服务。
表示过去某一段时间内持续进行的临时活动
过去进行时可以描述某个过去阶段内持续但并非永久的活动。它通常强调该活动在当时是暂时性的，而不是长期事实。此用法在 IELTS Speaking Part 2 描述经历时很实用。
During my final year at university, I was working on a research project about renewable energy.
大学最后一年，我正在做一个关于可再生能源的研究项目。
At that time, many people were using public transport because fuel prices were rising.
当时，由于燃油价格正在上涨，许多人正在使用公共交通。
表示两个过去动作同时进行
当两个动作在过去同一时间段内同时发生，并且都具有持续性时，两个分句通常都使用过去进行时。while 常用于连接这类句子。
While the teacher was explaining the graph, the students were identifying key trends.
老师正在讲解图表时，学生们正在识别主要趋势。
The population was increasing while the supply of affordable housing was declining.
人口正在增长的同时，可负担住房的供应正在下降。
用于描写故事或经历中的背景环境
在叙述过去经历时，过去进行时常用于铺垫背景，例如天气、人物活动、环境状态等；随后用一般过去时推动主要事件发展。这种组合能让 IELTS 口语叙述更自然。
It was raining heavily, and people were rushing to the station when I arrived.
我到达时，雨下得很大，人们正匆忙赶往车站。
The audience was listening carefully when the speaker presented the main argument.
演讲者提出主要论点时，观众正在认真聆听。
常见错误
Common Mistakes
Incorrect
❌ I was study English at 8 p.m. yesterday.
Correct
✅ I was studying English at 8 p.m. yesterday.
过去进行时必须使用“was/were + V-ing”。中国学习者常遗漏动词的 -ing 形式，误把原形动词直接放在 was/were 后面。
Incorrect
❌ They was preparing for the IELTS test.
Correct
✅ They were preparing for the IELTS test.
主语 they 是复数，be 动词过去式应使用 were。was 只能用于 I、he、she、it 或单数名词。
Incorrect
❌ When I was arriving, the lecture started.
Correct
✅ When I arrived, the lecture was starting.
arrive 通常是短暂动作，表示“到达”这一瞬间，一般用一般过去时。过去进行时更适合较长、持续的动作。
Incorrect
❌ I was knowing the answer.
Correct
✅ I knew the answer.
know 是 stative verb（状态动词），通常不用进行时。表示过去知道某事时，应使用一般过去时 knew。类似动词还包括 believe、understand、prefer、own、seem 等。
Incorrect
❌ While I watched the lecture, I was taking notes.
Correct
✅ While I was watching the lecture, I was taking notes.
while 通常强调动作持续进行，因此与过去进行时搭配更自然。如果两个动作同时持续发生，两个分句都可以使用过去进行时。
Incorrect
❌ At 10 o'clock yesterday, she prepared her presentation.
Correct
✅ At 10 o'clock yesterday, she was preparing her presentation.
如果强调昨天十点这个具体时间点她正在做某事，应使用过去进行时。一般过去时 prepared 更强调动作已完成，语义重点不同。
Incorrect
❌ The number of users was increase during this period.
Correct
✅ The number of users was increasing during this period.
在图表描述中，若强调某一过去阶段内数据持续上升，应使用 was increasing，而不是 was + 动词原形。
学术表达
Academic Patterns
The data were indicating a gradual decline during the observed period.
在观察期间，数据正在显示出逐渐下降的趋势。
The researchers were examining the relationship between income and educational outcomes.
研究人员当时正在考察收入与教育结果之间的关系。
The government was implementing a series of measures to reduce unemployment.
政府当时正在实施一系列措施以降低失业率。
While the urban population was growing, public infrastructure was becoming increasingly strained.
城市人口正在增长的同时，公共基础设施正承受越来越大的压力。
The survey was being conducted when the policy changes were announced.
政策变化被宣布时，该调查正在进行中。
Many participants were reporting similar concerns during the interview process.
在访谈过程中，许多参与者正在报告类似的担忧。
The economy was recovering slowly after a prolonged period of instability.
在经历长期不稳定之后，经济当时正在缓慢复苏。
The proportion of elderly residents was rising steadily throughout the decade.
在整个十年中，老年居民的比例正在稳步上升。
PTE 高频应用
PTE Usage
过去进行时在 PTE Academic 中主要用于口语叙述、听力复述、作文举例和图表描述。它帮助考生准确表达过去某一时间点的背景动作或正在发展的趋势。在 Retell Lecture 中，若讲座内容涉及研究过程、实验背景或历史事件，过去进行时可以使复述更连贯。在 Describe Image 中，如果图表呈现过去某段时间内持续变化的趋势，可以使用 was/were increasing、was/were declining、was/were fluctuating 等结构。在 Summarize Written Text 和 Essay 中，过去进行时可用于说明某项政策、调查或社会现象在过去某一阶段内正在发生，但应避免过度使用，以免造成时态混乱。
Read Aloud：识别含有 was/were + V-ing 的句子结构，正确处理连读和弱读。
Repeat Sentence：听到过去进行时结构时，需要准确复述 be 动词和 -ing 形式。
Describe Image：描述过去某一阶段图表趋势时，可使用 was increasing、were declining、was fluctuating 等表达。
Retell Lecture：复述讲座中的背景动作、实验过程或历史场景时常用过去进行时。
Summarize Spoken Text：概括讲座内容时，可用于描述讲者提到的过去持续活动。
Write Essay：在举例说明历史背景、社会变化或研究过程时，可使用过去进行时提高语法多样性。
高频搭配
Common Collocations
was/were increasing steadily
正在稳步增加
was/were declining gradually
正在逐渐下降
was/were fluctuating significantly
正在显著波动
was/were conducting research
正在进行研究
was/were collecting data
正在收集数据
was/were preparing for an examination
正在备考
was/were discussing a proposal
正在讨论一项提案
was/were experiencing rapid growth
正在经历快速增长
was/were facing serious challenges
正面临严重挑战
was/were working on a project
正在做一个项目
AI 学习建议
AI Learning Tips
判断是否使用过去进行时，可以先问自己：句子是否强调“过去某一刻正在发生”？如果答案是肯定的，通常可以使用 was/were + V-ing。
在 PTE 口语中，过去进行时不要说得过快而吞掉 was 或 were；机器评分会关注语法完整性和发音清晰度。
写作中不要把所有过去事件都写成过去进行时。主要事件通常用一般过去时，背景动作才常用过去进行时。
描述图表时，如果数据在过去某段时间内持续变化，可以使用“The figure was rising/falling/fluctuating”来体现动态趋势。
AI 练习题
Practice Questions
用过去进行时完成句子：At 7 a.m. yesterday, she ________ (prepare) for her IELTS speaking test.
答案：At 7 a.m. yesterday, she was preparing for her IELTS speaking test.
选择正确答案：When the teacher entered the classroom, the students ________ notes. A. took B. were taking C. are taking
答案：B. were taking。句子表示老师进入教室时，学生正在记笔记，因此使用过去进行时。
改错：They was discussing the results when the manager arrived.
答案：They were discussing the results when the manager arrived. 主语 They 是复数，应使用 were。
翻译句子：当讲师解释这个理论时，学生们正在认真听。
答案：While the lecturer was explaining the theory, the students were listening carefully.
用 when 连接两个动作：I was writing my essay. The Internet connection failed.
答案：I was writing my essay when the Internet connection failed.
用 while 连接两个同时发生的动作：The population was increasing. Housing prices were rising.
答案：While the population was increasing, housing prices were rising.
判断正误并改正：I was believing that online learning was more convenient.
答案：错误。应改为：I believed that online learning was more convenient. believe 是状态动词，通常不用进行时。
根据中文写英文：在调查期间，研究人员正在收集来自不同年龄组的数据。
答案：During the survey, the researchers were collecting data from different age groups.
选择合适时态：At that moment, the number of international students ________ rapidly. A. increased B. was increasing C. has increased
答案：B. was increasing。At that moment 表示过去某一时刻，强调数据正在变化。
将句子改为否定句：The company was expanding its services in rural areas.
答案：The company was not expanding its services in rural areas.