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AI 英语语法知识库
时态
Tenses
9
一般现在时
Simple Present Tense
一般将来时
Simple Future Tense
一般过去时
Simple Past Tense
现在完成时
Present Perfect Tense
现在完成进行时
Present Perfect Continuous Tense
过去完成时
Past Perfect Tense
现在进行时
Present Continuous Tense
过去进行时
Past Continuous Tense
将来进行时
Future Continuous Tense
从句
Clauses
7
定语从句
Relative Clauses
名词性从句
Noun Clauses
状语从句
Adverbial Clauses
宾语从句
Object Clauses
主语从句
Subject Clauses
同位语从句
Appositive Clauses
条件状语从句
Conditional Clauses
非谓语动词
Non-finite Verbs
6
动名词
Gerunds
不定式
Infinitives
现在分词
Present Participles
过去分词
Past Participles
非谓语作主语
Non-finite as Subject
非谓语作状语
Non-finite as Adverbial
句子结构
Sentence Structures
4
主谓宾结构
SVO Structure
并列句
Compound Sentences
复合句
Complex Sentences
平行结构
Parallel Structures
学术写作
Academic Writing
5
正式语气
Formal Tone
避免口语化
Avoiding Informal Language
学术句型
Academic Sentence Patterns
段落结构
Paragraph Structure
论证表达
Argumentative Structures
PTE 高频语法
PTE Grammar Patterns
4
Essay 高频句型
Essay Structures
SST 学术句型
SST Academic Structures
WFD 高频结构
WFD Sentence Patterns
Speaking 常用表达
Speaking Structures
学术写作
Academic Writing
中级到高级
避免口语化
Avoiding Informal Language
在PTE Academic和IELTS学术写作中，避免口语化是提升语言分数、增强论证可信度和保持学术语域的重要能力。口语化表达通常包括缩写形式、日常词汇、情绪化判断、模糊指代、俚语、习语、过度使用第一或第二人称，以及不够精确的动词和名词。学术写作要求考生使用正式、客观、准确、逻辑清晰的表达方式，例如用“children”替代“kids”，用“significant”替代“big”，用“individuals”或“people”替代“guys”，用“therefore”替代“so”。对于中国学生而言，常见问题包括直接翻译中文口语、使用过于简单的万能词、把议论文写成聊天式表达，以及为了显得高级而使用不自然的复杂词。本课重点帮助学习者识别非正式语言，并将其改写为适合PTE和IELTS的学术表达。
核心语法结构
Grammar Formula
Informal expression → Formal academic expression → Objective and precise sentence
PTE 高频程度
高频
AI 学习推荐
Core Grammar
适用考试
PTE / IELTS
语法结构
Grammar Structure
结构公式
Informal expression → Formal academic expression → Objective and precise sentence
避免口语化的核心不是把每个词都换成复杂词，而是根据学术语境选择更准确、更客观、更正式的表达。正式学术句子通常具备三个特点：第一，词汇具体而准确，例如用“increase”或“rise”替代笼统的“go up”；第二，语气客观，避免“I think”“you can see”“of course”等主观或对话式表达；第三，句法完整，避免缩写、碎片句和过于随意的连接词。在PTE Write Essay和IELTS Writing Task 2中，考生应使用正式连接词、名词化结构、被动语态、抽象名词和学术搭配来提高语域。例如，“A lot of people think technology is good”可以改为“Many individuals argue that technology has brought substantial benefits to society.” 这种改写不仅更正式，也更符合评分标准中对lexical resource、grammatical range和coherence的要求。
Informal: A lot of students think online classes are great.
非正式：很多学生觉得网课很棒。
Formal: Many students consider online learning to be an effective educational approach.
正式：许多学生认为在线学习是一种有效的教育方式。
Informal: The government should do something about pollution.
非正式：政府应该对污染做点什么。
Formal: The government should implement effective measures to address environmental pollution.
正式：政府应采取有效措施来应对环境污染。
使用场景
Usage Scenarios
议论文中表达观点
在PTE Write Essay和IELTS Writing Task 2中，表达个人立场时应避免聊天式表达，如“I think”“I feel”“you know”。更合适的方式是使用客观句式，如“It can be argued that”“This essay will discuss”“There is strong evidence that”。
Informal: I think working from home is pretty good for workers.
非正式：我觉得居家办公对员工挺好的。
Formal: It can be argued that remote working provides employees with greater flexibility and improved work-life balance.
正式：可以认为，远程办公为员工提供了更大的灵活性，并改善了工作与生活的平衡。
描述原因和结果
学术写作中应避免使用过于口语化的因果连接词，如“so”“because of this”“that is why”。更正式的表达包括“therefore”“as a result”“consequently”“This may lead to”。这些连接词在PTE Summarize Written Text和Write Essay中尤其重要。
Informal: Many people use cars, so the air gets worse.
非正式：很多人使用汽车，所以空气变差了。
Formal: The widespread use of private vehicles contributes to a decline in air quality.
正式：私家车的广泛使用导致空气质量下降。
描述数据、趋势和变化
在IELTS Writing Task 1或PTE中涉及图表、摘要和概括时，应避免使用“go up”“go down”“a lot”“big change”等日常表达。应改用“increase”“decrease”“substantially”“a significant change”等更精确的学术表达。
Informal: The number of tourists went up a lot in 2020.
非正式：游客数量在2020年上升了很多。
Formal: The number of tourists increased substantially in 2020.
正式：游客数量在2020年显著增加。
提出解决方案
提出建议时，应避免使用“fix the problem”“do something”“make things better”等模糊表达。学术写作要求解决方案具体、动词准确，例如“address the issue”“implement policies”“enhance public awareness”。
Informal: Schools should do something to help students with stress.
非正式：学校应该做点事情来帮助学生应对压力。
Formal: Schools should introduce mental health programs to support students experiencing academic pressure.
正式：学校应引入心理健康项目，以支持承受学业压力的学生。
概括他人观点或研究结论
在学术语境中概括观点时，应避免“people say”“some guys believe”“everyone knows”等不严谨表达。可使用“research suggests”“some commentators argue”“it is widely acknowledged that”等更正式的表达。
Informal: People say social media is bad for teenagers.
非正式：人们说社交媒体对青少年不好。
Formal: Some researchers suggest that excessive social media use may have negative effects on adolescents.
正式：一些研究者认为，过度使用社交媒体可能会对青少年产生负面影响。
常见错误
Common Mistakes
Incorrect
❌ A lot of people think that university is too expensive.
Correct
✅ Many people argue that university education is excessively expensive.
“A lot of”在学术写作中偏口语化，可根据语境改为“many”“a large number of”或“a significant proportion of”。“think”也较普通，议论文中可替换为“argue”“believe”“maintain”或“contend”。
Incorrect
❌ Kids should not spend too much time on phones.
Correct
✅ Children should not spend excessive time using mobile phones.
“Kids”是日常口语词，正式写作中应使用“children”。“too much time”可以根据语境改为“excessive time”，表达更正式、更准确。
Incorrect
❌ The government needs to fix this problem.
Correct
✅ The government needs to address this issue through effective policy measures.
“fix this problem”过于口语化且不具体。学术写作中常用“address this issue”“tackle this problem”“implement measures”等表达，并说明解决方式。
Incorrect
❌ This is a big problem for society.
Correct
✅ This constitutes a significant social problem.
“big”是高频基础词，在正式写作中常显得不够精确。根据语义可改为“significant”“serious”“major”“substantial”。“constitutes”可增强学术语气。
Incorrect
❌ You can see that technology changes our life.
Correct
✅ It is evident that technology has transformed modern life.
学术写作应避免直接称呼读者的“you”。“You can see that”属于对话式表达，可改为“It is evident that”“It is clear that”。同时，“changes our life”应改为更准确的“has transformed modern life”。
Incorrect
❌ I think the advantages are more than the disadvantages.
Correct
✅ The advantages appear to outweigh the disadvantages.
“I think”在考试议论文中过于主观，除非题目明确要求个人观点，也应尽量使用更客观的表达。“more than”可改为固定学术表达“outweigh”。
Incorrect
❌ The internet brings us lots of good things.
Correct
✅ The internet provides numerous benefits for individuals and society.
“lots of good things”非常口语化且含义模糊。正式表达应使用“numerous benefits”“considerable advantages”“positive outcomes”等具体名词。
Incorrect
❌ Students can get a lot of knowledge from online courses.
Correct
✅ Students can acquire substantial knowledge through online courses.
“get”是口语中常见万能动词，学术写作中应根据含义替换为“acquire”“obtain”“gain”“receive”等。“a lot of knowledge”可改为“substantial knowledge”。
Incorrect
❌ This policy is really bad and unfair.
Correct
✅ This policy may be ineffective and inequitable.
“really bad”情绪化且不精确。“bad”应根据具体含义改为“ineffective”“harmful”“problematic”等。“unfair”在学术语境中可使用“inequitable”。
Incorrect
❌ Nowadays, people are crazy about social media.
Correct
✅ In recent years, social media has become increasingly popular among the general public.
“crazy about”是口语化表达，不适合正式写作。可用“has become increasingly popular”表达趋势。“Nowadays”并非绝对错误，但在学术写作中常被滥用，建议根据时间范围使用“In recent years”。
学术表达
Academic Patterns
It can be argued that + clause
可以认为……
There is considerable evidence that + clause
有相当多的证据表明……
This issue should be addressed through + noun phrase
这一问题应通过……来解决。
X has a significant impact on Y
X对Y有显著影响。
X contributes to + noun phrase
X导致/促成……
X is associated with + noun phrase
X与……有关。
The advantages of X outweigh its disadvantages
X的优点大于其缺点。
It is essential to distinguish between X and Y
区分X和Y是必要的。
This may lead to + noun phrase
这可能导致……
A more effective approach would be to + verb
一种更有效的方法是……
X should not be overlooked
X不应被忽视。
The extent to which + clause + remains debatable
……的程度仍有争议。
PTE 高频应用
PTE Usage
避免口语化在PTE Academic中非常重要，尤其影响Written Discourse、Grammar、Vocabulary和Form等评分维度。在Write Essay中，正式语域能够使文章更符合学术议论文要求；在Summarize Written Text中，考生需要把原文信息压缩成一个语法完整、表达正式的长句，不能使用聊天式或随意表达；在Summarize Spoken Text中，笔记内容转化为答案时也应避免“the speaker says it is super good”这类口语表达。PTE评分系统倾向于识别清晰、正式、准确的语言，因此考生应使用学术动词、抽象名词、正式连接词和客观句式，而不是依赖日常词汇和模糊判断。
Write Essay
Summarize Written Text
Summarize Spoken Text
Reading & Writing: Fill in the Blanks
Listening: Fill in the Blanks
高频搭配
Common Collocations
address an issue
处理一个问题
implement measures
采取措施
pose a challenge
构成挑战
have a significant effect
产生显著影响
raise public awareness
提高公众意识
acquire knowledge
获取知识
enhance efficiency
提高效率
reduce inequality
减少不平等
promote sustainable development
促进可持续发展
provide substantial benefits
提供显著益处
exert pressure on
对……施加压力
allocate resources
分配资源
generate positive outcomes
产生积极结果
mitigate negative effects
减轻负面影响
maintain social stability
维持社会稳定
AI 学习建议
AI Learning Tips
写作完成后，检查是否出现缩写形式，如“don't”“can't”“it's”。在正式学术写作中通常应写成“do not”“cannot”“it is”。
把高频口语词替换为更精确的学术词：用“increase”替代“go up”，用“children”替代“kids”，用“substantial”替代“big”，用“address”替代“deal with”。
避免使用直接对话式表达，如“you can see”“as we all know”“let me tell you”。这些表达会降低PTE和IELTS写作的正式度。
不要为了显得高级而使用不自然的生僻词。正式语言的重点是准确、自然和符合语境，而不是堆砌复杂词汇。
在PTE Summarize Written Text中，答案应像一条正式新闻摘要或学术概括，避免使用主观评价和日常评论式语言。
AI 练习题
Practice Questions
将句子改写为正式学术表达：A lot of people think the internet is good for education.
答案：Many people argue that the internet provides significant benefits for education.
将句子改写为正式学术表达：The government should do something about traffic.
答案：The government should implement effective measures to address traffic congestion.
将句子改写为正式学术表达：Kids spend too much time watching TV.
答案：Children spend excessive time watching television.
将句子改写为正式学术表达：I think online learning is better than traditional learning.
答案：Online learning may be more effective than traditional classroom-based learning in certain contexts.
将句子改写为正式学术表达：The number of cars went up a lot last year.
答案：The number of cars increased substantially last year.
将句子改写为正式学术表达：This problem is really bad for young people.
答案：This issue may have serious negative effects on young people.
将句子改写为正式学术表达：People get a lot of information from social media.
答案：People obtain a substantial amount of information from social media.
将句子改写为正式学术表达：The company wants to make things better for workers.
答案：The company aims to improve working conditions for employees.
判断下列句子是否适合PTE Write Essay，并给出修改：You can see that pollution is a big problem.
答案：不适合。正式改写：It is evident that pollution constitutes a significant environmental problem.
判断下列句子是否正式，并给出修改：Social media is kind of harmful to teenagers.
答案：不正式。正式改写：Social media may be harmful to adolescents when used excessively.