One major challenge is maintaining accuracy under time pressure.
一个主要挑战是在时间压力下保持准确性。
The main purpose of the project is improving access to education.
该项目的主要目的是改善教育机会。
用于固定表达
许多固定表达后接动名词，例如 look forward to doing, be used to doing, have difficulty doing, spend time doing, there is no point in doing。这些表达在 IELTS 写作和 PTE 口语复述中都很常见。
Many international students have difficulty adapting to a new academic culture.
许多国际学生很难适应新的学术文化。
There is no point in memorising answers without understanding grammar.
不理解语法而死记答案是没有意义的。
带逻辑主语的动名词
当需要明确说明动名词动作的执行者时，可以在动名词前加名词所有格、形容词性物主代词或宾格形式。正式写作中更推荐所有格形式，如 students' participating；口语中常见 students participating。
The professor appreciated the students' submitting their assignments early.
教授很欣赏学生们提前提交作业。
I do not mind them discussing the issue after class.
我不介意他们课后讨论这个问题。
常见错误
Common Mistakes
Incorrect
❌ Experts suggest to reduce plastic waste.
Correct
✅ Experts suggest reducing plastic waste.
suggest 后通常接动名词，不接 to do。中文“建议去做”容易让学习者误用 to-infinitive，但英语中应说 suggest doing something。
Incorrect
❌ I am interested to study environmental science.
Correct
✅ I am interested in studying environmental science.
be interested in 中的 in 是介词，介词后如果接动词，必须使用动名词 studying。
Incorrect
❌ Read books is good for language learning.
Correct
✅ Reading books is good for language learning.
句首作主语时，动词不能直接用原形。表达“读书这件事”应使用动名词 Reading books。
Incorrect
❌ The government should prevent people to smoke in public areas.
Correct
✅ The government should prevent people from smoking in public areas.
prevent somebody from doing something 是固定结构，from 是介词，后接动名词。
Incorrect
❌ She avoided to answer the difficult question.
Correct
✅ She avoided answering the difficult question.
avoid 后接动名词。该动词表示“避免做某事”，不能接 to answer。
Incorrect
❌ I look forward to meet you.
Correct
✅ I look forward to meeting you.
look forward to 中的 to 是介词，不是不定式标志，因此后面必须接动名词 meeting。
Incorrect
❌ The main problem is to finding reliable data.
Correct
✅ The main problem is finding reliable data.
is 后作表语时可以用动名词 finding，不能把 to 和 -ing 混合成 to finding，除非 to 是介词结构的一部分。
Incorrect
❌ He admitted steal the documents.
Correct
✅ He admitted stealing the documents.
admit 后接动名词，表示承认做过某事。直接接动词原形不符合英语句法。
学术表达
Academic Patterns
Doing something is essential for achieving long-term success.
做某事对于取得长期成功至关重要。
One effective way of addressing this issue is doing something.
解决这一问题的一种有效方式是做某事。
There is increasing evidence supporting the idea of doing something.
越来越多的证据支持做某事这一观点。
Governments should place greater emphasis on doing something.
政府应该更加重视做某事。
This approach contributes to improving overall efficiency.
这种方法有助于提高整体效率。
Instead of relying on short-term solutions, policymakers should consider doing something.
政策制定者不应依赖短期方案，而应考虑做某事。
The benefits of doing something outweigh the potential drawbacks.
做某事的好处超过其潜在缺点。
By doing something, individuals can develop a deeper understanding of the issue.
通过做某事，个人可以对该问题形成更深入的理解。
PTE 高频应用
PTE Usage
动名词在 PTE Academic 中出现频率较高，尤其是在 Reading & Writing: Fill in the Blanks、Listening: Fill in the Blanks、Summarize Written Text、Write Essay、Repeat Sentence 和 Retell Lecture 中。考生需要识别哪些动词、介词和固定搭配后接动名词，并在写作中用动名词短语提升句子紧凑度与学术性。动名词常用于概括观点，例如 improving public transport、reducing inequality、addressing climate change，这类表达适合用于议论文主题句和总结句。
Reading & Writing: Fill in the Blanks
Reading: Re-order Paragraphs
Listening: Fill in the Blanks
Summarize Written Text
Write Essay
Repeat Sentence
Retell Lecture
高频搭配
Common Collocations
avoid making mistakes
避免犯错误
consider taking action
考虑采取行动
suggest improving the system
建议改进系统
focus on developing skills
专注于培养技能
succeed in achieving a goal
成功实现目标
be responsible for managing resources
负责管理资源
have difficulty understanding lectures
理解讲座有困难
spend time preparing for exams
花时间备考
look forward to receiving feedback
期待收到反馈
prevent people from taking risks
阻止人们冒险
AI 学习建议
AI Learning Tips
判断是否用动名词时，先看前面是否是介词；如果是介词，后面的动词通常要变成 -ing 形式。
在 PTE Fill in the Blanks 中，遇到 suggest、avoid、consider、deny、admit、finish 等动词时，要优先检查选项中是否有 -ing 形式。
写作中可以用动名词短语作主语来避免频繁使用 people、we、they，使句子更正式，例如用 Reducing waste is necessary 代替 We need to reduce waste。
