正式语气并不是把句子写得复杂，而是让表达更符合学术场景。写作时应减少 I, you, we 等个人化表达，避免 a lot of, kids, stuff, really, very bad 等口语或模糊词汇；同时使用 more precise vocabulary，例如 significant, considerable, individuals, factors, consequences。正式写作还常使用 passive voice、nominalisation、impersonal structures 和 hedging expressions，使论述更客观、更符合 PTE Write Essay 与 IELTS Writing Task 2 的评分要求。
Informal: I think online learning is really good for students.
非正式：我认为在线学习对学生真的很好。
Formal: Online learning can provide students with flexible access to educational resources.
正式：在线学习能够为学生提供灵活获取教育资源的机会。
Informal: People get a lot of problems because of pollution.
非正式：人们因为污染遇到很多问题。
Formal: Pollution may lead to a range of public health and environmental challenges.
正式：污染可能导致一系列公共健康和环境方面的挑战。
使用场景
Usage Scenarios
表达观点时保持客观
在 IELTS Writing Task 2 和 PTE Write Essay 中，考生需要提出立场，但不应过度依赖 I think 或 I believe。更正式的方式是使用 impersonal structures 或 objective verbs，让观点看起来更有学术依据。
It can be argued that governments should invest more in renewable energy.
可以认为，政府应在可再生能源方面投入更多资金。
This essay will discuss the reasons why urbanisation has increased housing pressure.
本文将讨论城市化为何加剧住房压力。
描述原因、结果和影响
正式写作中，原因和结果需要用准确的逻辑动词或短语表达，例如 contribute to, result in, lead to, be associated with。避免简单重复 because 或 so。
Excessive screen time may contribute to reduced concentration among adolescents.
过度使用电子屏幕可能导致青少年注意力下降。
The decline in public transport usage has resulted in heavier traffic congestion.
公共交通使用率下降已经导致更严重的交通拥堵。
比较不同观点
学术写作经常要求比较观点。正式语气应使用 balanced language，避免说某一方 completely wrong。可使用 while, whereas, although, from another perspective 等结构。
While technology improves workplace efficiency, it may also reduce certain employment opportunities.
尽管科技提高了工作效率，它也可能减少某些就业机会。
Whereas some individuals prioritise economic growth, others emphasise environmental protection.
有些人优先考虑经济增长，而另一些人则强调环境保护。
提出解决方案
在解决问题类作文中，应避免口语化命令，如 people must do this。更正式的表达可以使用 should be encouraged to, measures should be implemented, it is essential to。
Effective measures should be implemented to reduce food waste in urban communities.
应采取有效措施来减少城市社区中的食物浪费。
Individuals should be encouraged to adopt more sustainable consumption habits.
应鼓励个人采取更可持续的消费习惯。
常见错误
Common Mistakes
Incorrect
❌ I think the government should give people a lot of money because life is very hard.
Correct
✅ It can be argued that the government should provide greater financial support, as many citizens face considerable living pressures.
错误句中过度使用 I think, a lot of, very hard，语气口语化且不够精确。正式表达应减少个人化开头，使用 financial support, considerable living pressures 等更学术的词汇。
Incorrect
❌ Kids nowadays are addicted to phones, and this is super bad.
Correct
✅ Many children today are heavily dependent on mobile devices, which may have negative effects on their cognitive and social development.
kids 和 super bad 属于口语表达，不适合学术写作。children, mobile devices, negative effects, cognitive and social development 更正式、更具体。
Incorrect
❌ You can see that pollution is everywhere.
Correct
✅ It is evident that pollution has become a widespread environmental issue.
You can see that 是直接对读者说话，学术写作中应避免第二人称 you。It is evident that 是更客观的 academic expression。
Incorrect
❌ The internet is good and bad, so we should use it carefully.
Correct
✅ The internet offers substantial benefits, although its potential risks require careful management.
good and bad 过于简单，so 连接逻辑较弱。正式写作应使用 benefits, potential risks, require careful management 等更准确的表达。
Incorrect
❌ Students don't have enough time to finish homework.
Correct
✅ Students do not have sufficient time to complete their assignments.
正式写作中应避免 contractions，如 don't 应写成 do not。homework 可根据语境替换为 assignments，使表达更学术。
Incorrect
❌ This problem is getting bigger and bigger.
Correct
✅ This problem has become increasingly serious.
bigger and bigger 口语化且不精确。increasingly serious 更符合正式语气，也常用于 PTE 和 IELTS 写作。
学术表达
Academic Patterns
It can be argued that + clause
可以认为……
There is growing evidence that + clause
越来越多的证据表明……
This issue is closely associated with + noun phrase
这一问题与……密切相关
A key factor contributing to + noun phrase + is + noun phrase
导致……的一个关键因素是……
The extent to which + clause + remains a matter of debate
……的程度仍然是一个有争议的问题
Measures should be taken to + verb phrase
应采取措施来……
This may have significant implications for + noun phrase
这可能对……产生重要影响
Although + clause, it is important to recognise that + clause
尽管……，但重要的是要认识到……
The primary concern is not + noun phrase, but rather + noun phrase
主要问题并不是……，而是……
From a long-term perspective, + clause
从长期来看，……
PTE 高频应用
PTE Usage
Formal Tone 在 PTE Academic 的写作评分中非常重要，尤其影响 Written Discourse、Grammar 和 Vocabulary。Write Essay 需要考生用正式、连贯、客观的语言展开论证；Summarize Written Text 也要求压缩原文信息时保持学术语气，避免主观评价和口语化表达。PTE 写作通常不需要文学化语言，而需要准确、清晰、逻辑性强的 academic English。
Write Essay
Summarize Written Text
Reading and Writing: Fill in the Blanks
Summarize Spoken Text
Listening: Write from Dictation
高频搭配
Common Collocations
formal academic tone
正式的学术语气
objective analysis
客观分析
precise vocabulary
精准词汇
balanced argument
平衡的论证
considerable impact
显著影响
potential consequences
潜在后果
effective measures
有效措施
public concern
公众关注的问题
economic development
经济发展
environmental sustainability
环境可持续性
social inequality
社会不平等
educational opportunities
教育机会
AI 学习建议
AI Learning Tips
检查作文时，优先替换口语词汇，例如把 a lot of 改为 numerous, considerable 或 a significant amount of。
避免频繁使用 I think。议论文中可使用 It can be argued that, It is evident that 或 This suggests that。
不要为了正式而写过长的句子。PTE 写作更重视清晰度、语法准确性和逻辑连贯。
使用 hedging language，如 may, can, tend to, is likely to，避免过度绝对化表达。
将句子改写为正式语气：I think social media is really bad for young people.
答案：It can be argued that social media may have negative effects on young people.
将句子改写为正式语气：A lot of people don't like living in big cities because it is too noisy.
答案：Many individuals are reluctant to live in large cities because of excessive noise pollution.
选择更正式的表达：A. kids B. children
答案：B. children。children 比 kids 更适合学术写作。
将句子改写为正式语气：You can see that climate change is a big problem.
答案：It is evident that climate change is a major global challenge.
将句子改写为正式语气：The government must fix this problem fast.
答案：The government should implement effective measures to address this issue promptly.
指出下列句子的问题：Students can't get good jobs because the economy is bad.
答案：问题包括 contraction can't、表达 good jobs 和 bad 过于简单。可改为：Students may find it difficult to obtain stable employment due to unfavourable economic conditions.
用正式语气完成句子：From a long-term perspective, online education...
答案：From a long-term perspective, online education may expand access to learning opportunities and reduce geographical barriers.
将口语表达 stuff 替换为一个更正式的词，并造句。
答案：可替换为 materials, resources 或 factors。例句：Students should have access to sufficient learning resources.
